Haemorrhagic fever

Haemorrhagic fever - a viral infection with natural focal proliferation occurring with haemorrhagic and acute febrile syndrome. Symptoms of hemorrhagic fever include severe intoxication, high fever doxycycline hyclate 100, hemorrhagic rash, bleeding of various localization, multiple organ disorders. The form of hemorrhagic fever is determined by taking into account the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data (PCR, ELISA, IFA). Haemorrhagic fever is carried out detoxification, antiviral, hemostatic therapy, the introduction of specific immunoglobulins, the fight against complications.

Haemorrhagic fever - a group of infectious diseases of viral, causing toxic damage of vascular walls, contributing to the development of hemorrhagic syndrome. Place against a background of general intoxication, provoking multiple organ pathology. Hemorrhagic fevers are common in certain regions of the world, in the habitats of vectors of the disease.

Cause hemorrhagic fever virus of the following families: Togaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Arenaviridae and Filoviridae. A characteristic feature uniting these viruses is affinity to the cells of the endothelium of human blood vessels.

The reservoir and the source of the virus is a human being and animals (various species of rodents, monkeys, squirrels, bats, etc.), A carrier - mosquitoes and ticks. Some hemorrhagic fever can be transmitted contact-household, food, water and other means. By way of contracting these infections are divided into groups: tick-borne infections (Omsk, Crimean-Congo fever Kyasanur forests), mosquito (yellow, dengue fever, Chukungunya, Rift Valley) and contagious (fever Laos, Argentine, Bolivian, Ebola, Marburg, and others )..

Susceptibility to hemorrhagic fever in humans is quite high, mainly sick person whose professional activity is associated with wildlife. The incidence in the cities often seen in people who have no permanent place of residence and household services employees in contact with rodents.

Hemorrhagic fever in most cases combines characteristic for a consistent period of change: the incubation (typically 1-3 weeks), the initial (2-7 days), height (1-2 weeks) and convalescence (a few weeks).

The initial period is shown obscheintoksikatsionnoy symptoms, usually very intense. Fever with severe can reach critical numbers, intoxication - contribute to the disorder of consciousness, delirium, hallucinations. Against the background of general intoxication in the initial period of say toxic hemorrhage (kapilyarotoksikoz): the face and neck, the conjunctiva of patients is usually hyperemic, scleral injected, can be detected elements of hemorrhagic rash on the mucous membrane of the soft palate, endothelial symptoms ( "tow" and "pinch") - positive . There have toxic heart rhythm disorders (tachycardia, bradycardia in passing), lower blood pressure. During this period, blood tests show leucopenia (saved 3-4 days) and the increasing thrombocytopenia. In the formula of blood neutrophilia with a shift to the left.

Before the onset of the crisis period is often marked short-term temperature normalization and improvement in general condition, then toxicosis increases, the intensity of the general clinic increases, develop multiple organ disease, hemodynamic instability. The period of convalescence is a gradual regression of clinical manifestations, and the restoration of the functional state of organs and systems.

Hemorrhagic Far nephrosonephritis often called hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, because this disease is characterized by predominant involvement of renal vessels. Incubation hemorrhagic nefrozonefritah Far Eastern is 2 weeks, but may be reduced to 11 and lengthened to 23 days. The first days of the disease may be prodromal phenomena (fatigue, malaise). Then develop severe intoxication, the body temperature rises to 39.5 degrees or more and maintained for 2-6 days. After 2-4 days of onset of fever appears hemorrhagic symptoms on a background of the progressive intoxication. Sometimes it can be marked meningeal symptoms (Kernig, Brudzinskogo, stiff neck). Due to toxic lesions of the brain, consciousness is often confused, there are hallucinations, delusions. Common symptoms of hemorrhagic syndrome is accompanied by the kidney: back pain, positive symptom Pasternatskogo reveal red blood cells, cylinders, a protein in the general analysis of urine. With disease progression renal syndrome is exacerbated, as well as bleeding. At the height of the disease observed bleeding from the nose, gums, hemorrhagic rash on the body (mainly in the area of ​​the shoulder girdle and the side surfaces of the breast).

When viewed from the mucous membranes of the mouth and oropharynx reveal petechial hemorrhages on the palate and lower lip, develops oliguria (in severe cases up to complete anuria). There gross hematuria (urine becomes color "meat slops").

The fever usually lasts 8-9 days, and then for 2-3 days there is a decrease in body temperature, but after the normalization condition of the patients does not improve, vomiting, progressive renal syndrome may occur. Improving the state and regression of clinical symptoms occurs 4-5 days after the fever subsided. The disease moves into the phase of convalescence. At that time, characterized by polyuria.